Jack and the Beanstalk PPT

Mastering Direct and Indirect Speech in English: A Complete Guide

When communicating in English, we often need to describe events or actions, especially when sharing what someone else has said. This is essential in both social situations and professional settings such as emails, presentations, and meetings. To effectively convey what others have said, we use two types of speech: direct speech and indirect speech (also known as reported speech).

What is Direct Speech?

Direct speech refers to the exact words spoken by someone, placed between quotation marks. This form is commonly used in novels, articles, and everyday conversations.

Examples:

Sarah smiled and said, “I love reading books on weekends.”

The coach announced, “We will practice every morning at 7 AM.”

Common Verbs in Direct Speech:

While 'say' (past form: 'said') is frequently used in direct speech, other verbs such as 'ask', 'reply', and 'shout' are also common:

John asked, “Can you help me with this project?”

Anna replied, “Yes, I’ll assist you after lunch.”

The teacher shouted, “Please pay attention to the instructions!”

What is Indirect Speech?

Indirect speech, or reported speech, conveys what someone said without using quotation marks and often without repeating the exact words.

Examples:

Direct Speech: “We are excited for the trip.”

Indirect Speech: They said (that) they were excited for the trip.

In present simple tense, indirect speech generally involves changing the subject but keeping the tense the same. However, when reporting something from the past, the tense usually shifts back one step.

Example:

Direct Speech: “I am learning French.”

Indirect Speech: She said she was learning French.

Key Rules for Changing Direct Speech to Indirect Speech

Tense Shift: Present becomes past, past becomes past perfect, and so on.

Pronoun Change: Pronouns often change to match the subject of the sentence.

Time and Place Words: Words like 'now', 'today', 'here' often change to 'then', 'that day', 'there'.

Play the Reported Speech Quiz  MCQ now.

Direct and Indirect Speech Quiz MCQ

Kinds of Sentence

Kinds of Sentence in English
Types of Sentence

Creating well-structured sentences is essential for becoming a fluent and impactful English communicator. However, using the same types of sentences repeatedly can make your speech or writing dull. This guide will help you explore various types of sentences with fresh examples to enhance your communication skills and keep your audience engaged.

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Table of Contents

• Introduction to Sentence Types in English
• The Four Main Types of Sentences with Examples
• Kinds of Sentence Quiz MCQ

Introduction to Sentence Types in English

English allows you to express yourself in diverse ways, making your writing and speech more compelling and clear. By using different sentence types, you can convey your thoughts effectively, evoke emotions, and keep your audience interested.

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The Four Main Types of Sentences with Examples

Here are the four primary sentence types in English, each serving a unique purpose:

1. Declarative Sentence
A declarative sentence makes a statement or provides information and ends with a period.

Examples:

• She enjoys hiking in the mountains.
• The library closes at 8 PM.

2. Imperative Sentence
An imperative sentence gives a command, request, or instruction.

Examples:

• Turn off the lights before leaving.
• Please email me the report by tomorrow.

3. Interrogative Sentence
An interrogative sentence asks a question and ends with a question mark.

Examples:

• Where did you buy that jacket?
• Are you attending the seminar next week?

4. Exclamatory Sentence
An exclamatory sentence expresses strong emotions and ends with an exclamation mark.

Examples:

• What an amazing sunset this is!
• I can't believe we won the competition!

Play the Kinds of Sentence Quiz, by Clicking the button below:

Question Tag Quiz

Phonics Game 1

I am Every Woman - Poetic Devices

9th Remedial Question paper English

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Preposition Grammar lesson plan

CLASS  IX std.,
SUBJECT ENGLISH
TOPIC: PREPOSITION Unit – 1 / Grammar
DATE:

1. LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson learners will be able to:

Ø Identify the type and function of the preposition used in a sentence

Ø Use prepositions in describing a place, time and direction

 

2. LEARNING OUTCOMES

912: Uses words, phrases, idioms and word chunks for meaning making in context.

3. TLM

Youtube Video,

Pictures,

Working model for Preposition

 

 

4. INTRODUCTION / WARM-UP

The Teacher plays Treasure Hunt game inside the classroom.
She asks the students to find the treasure with the clue card and introduces the topic: Preposition.

 

 

5. MOTIVATIONAL QUESTIONS

The clue card will the hint the position of the treasure:

1. I am under the table

2. I am behind the door

Students will learn the position and preposition through this game.

6. CONTENT DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES – CDA:

 

After Playing the Treasure Hunt game, the teacher asks the clues again stressing the prepositions and student learn various types of preposition.

 7. MIND MAP:

 

 

 8. SUMMARIZATION: 

A preposition is a word that is placed before a noun or pronoun to show its relationship with other words in a sentence. Its kinds are prepositions of time, prepositions of place, prepositions of movement.

I. Preposition of time: (in, on, at, since, for, during)

They indicate when a particular event happened.

II. Preposition of place: (in, on, between, behind, under, over, near)

They indicate a location.

III. Preposition of movement: (to, into, towards, through)

They indicate movement.

The teacher gives some examples.

9. EVALUATION:

The teacher projects a picture in white screen and writes some sentences on the black board and asks the students to fill in the blanks with prepositions:

(On, in, beside, under, in front of)

    The girl is sitting ____ a bench.

    There is a ball ___ her lap.

    Her red bicycle is ____ the bench.

    We can see grass _____ the bench.

     There is a yellow basket _____ her bicycle.

 

10. RECAPITULATION

The Teacher revises the content given in the Text book

 

11. REMEDIAL MEASURES

The Teacher picks out the late bloomers and explains the content with simple examples

 

12. ASSIGNMENT / ACTIVITY / PROJECT

Differentiate between the following preposition with examples:

1. Since – From

2. In-On-At (Time)

3. In-At (Place)

4. Between-Among

 

 

13. HOME WORK / FOLLOW-UP WORK

 

Complete the story with suitable prepositions from the box:

(down, into, for, in, from, through, on, of, to, by, at)

Dean Swift was a witty writer ______ the 18 th century. One day one ____ his friends sent him

a present _____ a servant. This boy had often been ___ such errands before, but he never got

a tip ___ Dean. The servant walked ___ Dean’s house, knocked __ the door and said rudely,

“Here is a present my master has sent you”. “Young man,” said Dean, “This is not the way ____deliver a present. Let me give you a lesson_____manners.

 

 

 YouTube Link